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1-5 Sep 2025 Strasbourg (France)
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Objectives of the CNRS EXEGESE-ZADA thematic school The school's scientific objectives. Quantifying the perception of environmental issues by local citizens, stakeholders and decision-makers represents a major scientific challenge for environmental and territorial management. But this is a scientific approach that is difficult to implement over vast territories. Conventional semi-directive surveys of environmental risks and issues social perceptions- which represent a qualitative approach - make it difficult to apprehend geographical entities over vast areas, which makes it difficult to cross-reference them directly using geomatics and modelling tools. Yet biophysical data from satellite remote sensing, or at very high spatial resolution (aerial photos or long-range drone flights beyond the line of sight), increasingly need to be confronted with a spatialized social and/or anthropological perception. In this context, we propose a quantitative method called "Zonage À Dires d'Acteurs (ZADA)" or Perception-based regional mapping - (PBRM), using cartography whose spatial coverage is carefully selected according to territorial criteria. It allows us to question the areas known and used by stakeholders in relation to an environmental and/or local development issue. Stakeholders will then partition the area according to their own criteria to qualify geographical zones according to quality levels. Setting up a PBRM requires between 1 and 3 field surveyors. This work can take between 1 and 3 months to collect a minimum number of maps exceeding 30, ensure their representativeness and extract the most significant issue categories. The optimum number of maps is around one hundred interviews per territorial unit. Once the data has been put into GIS (i.e., the geographical entities have been vectorized), the next step is to merge the issues (i.e., the different categories filled in by the interviewees, which will be present in the attribute table under GIS) according to criteria of kinship/similarity. This procedure could give rise to semi-automated data processing, which will be the subject of a discussion point and perspectives addressed in this CNRS thematic school.
Bibliographic overview :
1. Arnstein, S.R. A Ladder of Citizen Participation. J. Am. Plan. Assoc. 1969, 35, 216–224. 2. Caron, P. Zonage à dires d’acteurs: Des représentations spatiales pour comprendre, formaliser et décider. Le cas de Juazeiro, au Brésil. In Représentations Spatiales et Développement Territorial; Lardon, S., Maurel, P., Piveteau, V., Eds.; Hermes: Paris, France, 2001; pp. 343–357. 3. Bailly, A.S. Subjective Distances and Spatial Representations. Geoforum 1986, 17, 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(86)90013-8. 4. Touré, I.; Bah, A.; D’Aquino, P.; Dia, I. Savoirs experts et savoirs locaux pour la co-élaboration d’outils cartographiques d’aide à la décision. Cah. Agric. 2004, 13, 546–553. 5. Lavigne-Delville, P. Regards Sur Les Enquêtes et Diagnostics Participatifs: La Situation d’enquête Comme Interface; Etude/Document de Travail GRET; Paris, France, 2001. 6. Bommel, P. Définition d’un cadre Méthodologique pour la Conception de Modèles Multi-Agents Adaptés à la Gestion des Ressoureces Renouvelables. Ph.D. Thesis, Université Montpellier II-Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier, France, 2009. 7. Saqalli, M.; Caron, P.; Defourny, P.; Issaka, A. The PBRM (Perception-Based Regional Mapping): A Spatial Method to Support Regional Development Initiatives. Appl. Geogr. 2009, 29, 358–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2008.11.003. 8. Saqalli, M.; Maestripieri, N.; Jourdren, M.; Saenz, M.; Maire, E. Spatialiser un risque environnemental via les perceptions locales: Une démarche, trois terrains (Equateur, Tunisie, Laos). In Pathologies Environnementales—Identifier, Comprendre, Agir; CNRS Editions.77; Gaille, M., Ed.; CNRS: Paris, France, 2018. 9. Saqalli, M.; Cifuentes, C.R.; Maire, E.; Alves, M.J.d.S.; Santo, R.C.; Kaced, D.; Gaudou, B.; Fiamor, A.-E. Resource Flows, Uses and Populations Territorial Attachments: The Case of the OyapockWatershed (French Guiana, Amapá State of Brazil). Land 2023, 12, 991. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12050991
Training objectives: Target audience:
For the anthropologist, it's a question of perhaps going beyond classic participant observation (and possibly others), which can last several years. The main bias of the PBRM method is that it provides a "quasi-anthropological photograph" which then corresponds to a recent period (typically the last 6 months). Recent research projects have demonstrated the value of co-constructing research objects with population groups. This non-directive method really takes into account the major issues described by the stakeholders concerned. It also enables the anthropologist to carry out an initial territorial diagnosis of virgin or little-explored areas. We have also obtained results on the memorial dimension, which is transcribed in the PBRM. For the geographer, it's a way of directly correlating human data with biophysical data via geographic information systems (GIS). These data can also be fed into a multi-agent model. PBRM methodology also opens the door to environmental and territorial foresight and planning, as a spatialized perception of future socio-ecological risks. For researchers in the so-called exact sciences, it may be a question of providing a territorial framework for carrying out an environmental diagnosis, coupled with a desire to respond to local managers responsible for implementing public policies, and to find out about the social acceptability of a development. In this respect, the results of the ZADA can be a tool for understanding the territory and promoting bottom up consultation.
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